{
  "study": "Who does AI recommend when someone searches for an African business?",
  "wave": 2,
  "publisher": "AfriShield AI",
  "collected": "2026-10-17",
  "compares_with": "/data/ai-visibility-study-2026-08.json",
  "method": {
    "source": "Google organic SERP retrieved via the Firecrawl search API with country-level location targeting.",
    "instrument_change": "Wave 1 used the DataForSEO SERP API. That account has no balance and the sanctioned Apify replacement had insufficient credit, so wave 2 used Firecrawl. Share-of-page-one figures remain comparable; AI Overview presence could NOT be captured in wave 2 because Firecrawl does not return SERP features. The wave 1 figure for that metric was 100%.",
    "query_template": "best {service} in {city}, {country}",
    "cities": [
      "Nairobi, Kenya",
      "Lagos, Nigeria",
      "Accra, Ghana",
      "Johannesburg, South Africa",
      "Arusha, Tanzania"
    ],
    "categories": {
      "hospitality_travel": [
        "boutique hotel",
        "safari operator"
      ],
      "professional_services": [
        "accounting firm"
      ]
    },
    "classification": "Each page-one organic result classified as OWN (the business's own website, including a multinational network's own page for its local office), AGGREGATOR (OTA / directory / marketplace / regulator list), MEDIA (editorial listicle or blog) or UGC (Reddit / Instagram / Facebook / Wikipedia).",
    "limitations": "Pilot sample of 9 searches, desktop, English-language, country-level geolocation. Wave 1 returned 9-10 organic results per query; wave 2 returned 10 uniformly, so shares are comparable but raw counts are not. Different retrieval instrument from wave 1 - see instrument_change."
  },
  "queries": [
    {
      "city": "Arusha",
      "service": "safari operator",
      "category": "hospitality_travel",
      "organic_total": 10,
      "own_site": 4,
      "first_organic": "own site (safarisolestours.com)",
      "google_surface": "not captured",
      "ai_element": null
    },
    {
      "city": "Nairobi",
      "service": "boutique hotel",
      "category": "hospitality_travel",
      "organic_total": 10,
      "own_site": 4,
      "first_organic": "aggregator (tripadvisor.com)",
      "google_surface": "not captured",
      "ai_element": null
    },
    {
      "city": "Lagos",
      "service": "boutique hotel",
      "category": "hospitality_travel",
      "organic_total": 10,
      "own_site": 1,
      "first_organic": "aggregator (tripadvisor.com)",
      "google_surface": "not captured",
      "ai_element": null
    },
    {
      "city": "Accra",
      "service": "boutique hotel",
      "category": "hospitality_travel",
      "organic_total": 10,
      "own_site": 1,
      "first_organic": "aggregator (tripadvisor.com)",
      "google_surface": "not captured",
      "ai_element": null
    },
    {
      "city": "Johannesburg",
      "service": "boutique hotel",
      "category": "hospitality_travel",
      "organic_total": 10,
      "own_site": 4,
      "first_organic": "aggregator (tripadvisor.co.za)",
      "google_surface": "not captured",
      "ai_element": null
    },
    {
      "city": "Nairobi",
      "service": "accounting firm",
      "category": "professional_services",
      "organic_total": 10,
      "own_site": 7,
      "first_organic": "media (listicle)",
      "google_surface": "not captured",
      "ai_element": null
    },
    {
      "city": "Lagos",
      "service": "accounting firm",
      "category": "professional_services",
      "organic_total": 10,
      "own_site": 5,
      "first_organic": "media (listicle)",
      "google_surface": "not captured",
      "ai_element": null
    },
    {
      "city": "Accra",
      "service": "accounting firm",
      "category": "professional_services",
      "organic_total": 10,
      "own_site": 6,
      "first_organic": "aggregator (icagh.org regulator list)",
      "google_surface": "not captured",
      "ai_element": null
    },
    {
      "city": "Johannesburg",
      "service": "accounting firm",
      "category": "professional_services",
      "organic_total": 10,
      "own_site": 7,
      "first_organic": "aggregator (brendmo.com)",
      "google_surface": "not captured",
      "ai_element": null
    }
  ],
  "results": {
    "hospitality_travel": {
      "queries": 5,
      "organic_total": 50,
      "own_site": 14,
      "own_site_share_pct": 28,
      "first_result_aggregator_pct": 80
    },
    "professional_services": {
      "queries": 4,
      "organic_total": 40,
      "own_site": 25,
      "own_site_share_pct": 62
    },
    "all": {
      "queries": 9,
      "organic_total": 90,
      "own_site": 39,
      "own_site_share_pct": 43,
      "ai_element_present_pct": null
    }
  }
}